The expansion of supermarkets and online food markets are changing the complexion of food retailing in Nanjing. At the same time, traditional forms of retail display considerable resilience.
Nanjing has low levels of food insecurity overall as measured by the HFIAS and HDDS. The one in five households who are food insecure are primarily low-income and female-centred.
Concerns over food safety are a major characteristic of all consumers in Nanjing irrespective of income and food security status.
Policy implications include ensuring food access for households with higher levels of food insecurity, promoting trustworthy food sources in the food retailing system, intensifying support for wet market development, and monitoring the development of newer and emerging retail outlets.
